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Doppler ultrasound-is used for assessing and monitoring the well being of the fetus. It is also widely used to detect cardiac pulsations in various fetal blood vessels. The fetal pulse detector is called a Doptone but it uses the same principles as the Doppler when detecting fetal heartbeats. Different Types of UltraSound Scans Obstetric-is the use of ultrasound scans in pregnancy. Scanners can capture pictures of moving fetus on a monitor screen. High levels of frequency of sound waves between 3.5-7.0 megahertz are used to capture these pictures. They are emitted from a transducer, which is placed in contact with the abdomen and is moved to look at any particular content of the uterus. Information obtained from different reflections is recomposed back into the picture on the monitor screen. Movements such as fetal heartbeat can be assessed and also measurements can be made More accurate on the images displayed. This is a transducer probe on the abdomen which gives picture of the moving fetus Transvaginal Scans-Ultrasound scanning can be done with a specially designed probe, which is placed into the vagina. This provides a better image in people who are in early pregnancy. Vaginal scans are becoming indispensable in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies and so fetal abnormalities are easily being diagnosed using a vaginal scan. Why and When Is UltraSound used In Pregnancy? Ultrasound is considered to be safe and an accurate investigation into the fetus. Diagnosis can be spotted early and confirmation of early pregnancy. Ultrasound can observe and measure the embryo and find the exact date of pregnancy. A visible heartbeat can be seen and detectable by pulsed Doppler ultrasound by about 6weeks. Missed abortions and will usually give pictures of an absence of fetal poles or heartbeat. Fetal body measurements are made to identify the gestational age of the fetus. The Following Measurements Are Usually Made: The crown-rump length- which can be made between7-13 weeks and can give an accurate estimation of the gestational age. The Biparietal Diameter- is between two sides of the head and is usually measured in 13weeks. From 13 weeks it normally starts at 2.4cm and increases to about 9.5cm The Femur Length- measures the longest bone in the body and this reflects on the longitudinal growth of the fetus. The Abdominal Circumference- This is a measurement made during late pregnancy. It has more of an effect on fetus size and weight. Summary of Ultrasound Ultrasound is now something for today and for the future. It was first brought in 1950 and is now used in almost all Hospitals it can be used on pregnant women, which is an advantage to their health and to their child's because diagnosis can easily be detected at an early date. Ultrasound can also be used for particular illnesses like the treatment of kidneys the shock wave can shatter the stones in your kidney into tiny pieces. The limitation of ultrasound though is safety because there are ill effects such as low birth weight, speech and hearing problems. The argument though is that ultrasound is now a more 21st century technology and is becoming safer gradually. It is more accurate when it comes to assessing and monitoring pregnant women. For the foreseeable future it looks like ultrasound will continue to be used and improvements to better it will always be made.